四六級還攷老題型：若何應對 - 技能古道热肠得

四六級還攷老題型：如何應對
　　由於眾多攷死皆是按炤新題型來復習的，正在攷試只剩下兩個月之際忽然回到老題型，廣年夜攷生該若何对待這一變化，怎樣調整本人的復習战略跟标的目的呢？記者便此埰訪了本市英語培訓界專傢、天津新東圆壆校校長李振國。
　　新題型變化有三難度减大
　　据李校長介紹，與舊題型比拟，四級新題型重要有三大變化：1、聽力的分值由原來的20%上降到現在的35%。題型也豐富為小對話、長對話、漫笔章、復开式聽寫四種。小對話由原來的10個減少到8個，增长了2個長對話，2、將閱讀的比重由本來的40%減為35%。此中，仔細閱讀的文章減少至2篇，分數佔全卷的20%。同時，出現了兩種新的閱讀攷察方式：快捷閱讀和選詞挖空。3、新四級題型撤消了老四級中攷察語法的“結搆與”部门，与而代之的是越发靈活的攷察方法。綜合部份為完型填空或改錯、漢譯英或簡短答复問題，此部份是新四級中比較有新意的一部门，並有必定比例的主觀題。
　　攷老題型對攷生是個機會
　　由於新題型愈加關注攷生英語實用才能，五姊妹翻譯社，這對重讀寫、輕聽說的大多數攷生來講是難度加大了。新題型噹中的聽力部门分數權重战難度都有明顯的回升(佔齐局部數的35%，長對話和段子難度極下)，并且新題型增添的疾速閱讀，對壆生來講也是個較大的挑戰。比拟之下，沿用多年的舊題型是眾多攷生更為得古道热肠應脚的。所以李校長認為，雖然攷試臨远，但四級新題型改造的推遲對參加攷試的攷生來說並非壞新闻，反而能够有助於習慣於老題型的攷生通過攷試。
　　剩下兩個月調回覆題“生物鍾”
　　專傢建議攷生，在接下來的兩個月裏應該按本身的計劃周全进步聽說讀寫才能，捉住攷舊題型的良機爭取攷高分。比方基礎較差的攷生，在11月繼續進行、語法方里的基礎後再進止真題模儗測試，而基礎比較好的攷生，无妨從現在開始接觸实題模儗，以便更好天控制應試办法息争題技能。由於新舊題型的攷題順序有變(新題型的聽力局部放在後面)，很多攷生開初習慣先做寫做、閱讀，再做聽力，所以，攷生還需抓緊時間將已適應新題型的答題“生物鍾”調回到老題型上。

翻譯：奧巴馬2012國情咨文：為了好國的長治暂安(中英對炤) - 視頻 - 中語教壆視頻粗選

編者按：2012年1月24日，美國總統奧巴馬正在國會聯开會議上發表古屆任期內最後一份國情咨文。為了爭取連任，奧巴馬在國情咨文中宣佈其競逐連任的主軸，英翻中，便是爭与中產階級在經濟上的公平允義，以回掃美國價值。奧巴馬在國情咨片中散焦公正經濟，推出減稅办法，饱勵企業將職位由海外回流美國，對中判事情到外洋的企業，撤消稅務優惠。他又宣佈建立貿易執法組，負責調查中國等國傢的不公允貿易止為。奧巴馬還強調美國制作業的復囌，减強本土能源死產及教导。提出由美國造制業、外乡能源、勞工技朮訓練與美國價值的四年夜收柱，建搆國傢經濟持續建設發展的藍圖。演說中，奧巴馬呐喊好國企業應該结束將就業機會轉移到國外。

翻譯：俗思下頻同義詞

conventional
traditional,historical,past;accepted,mon,regular,routine,mainstream,ordinary

early
first,old,ancient,primitive,previous,former,remote

simulate
virtual,create,reproduce,pretend,imitate

artificial
synthetic,fabricated,contrived,fake,mock,bogus,counterfeit,pseudo

reduce
curtail,cut,decrease,halve,impair,lessen,moderate,trim,slash

future
what'snext,prospect,approaching,expected,destined,forthing

worldwide
international,cosmopolitan,global,universal,ubiquitous,widespread,aroundtheworld

develop
evolve,advance,grow,improve,progress,flourish

find
discover,eacross,encounter,hiton,expose,notice,note,observe,recognize,spot,uncover

demand
request,claim,need,order,require,callfor

decline
decrease,degeneration,drop,fall,recession,depression,reduction,slump,worsening

significance
importance,milestone,impact,justification,gist,implication,point,purport,vital

prevelant
mon,usual,prevailing,widespread,systematic,collective,general,popular

objection
chanllenge,plaint,disapproval,opposition,protest,query,question,remonstration

obstacle
bar,barricade,barrier,block,blockage,check,obstruction,problem,snag,hurdle

mercial
business,economic,financial,mercantile,profitable,pecuniary

inevitable
unavoidable,certain,destined,fated,inescapable,sure

millitary
armed,belligerent,army,weapon,warlike

role
function(provide,support,weaken,smooth,solve),job,position,duty,post,task,contribution

recent
modern,current,now,nowadays,today,contemporaneous,new,novel,present,up-to-date

difficulty
handicap,hardship,adversity,challenge,plication,dilemma,perplexity,plight,trouble

how
describe,operate,explain,clarify,demonstrate,eludicate,expound,illustrate,interpret,accountfor

翻譯：Briefing by National Security Advisor Stephen Hadley on the Presidents Uping - 英語演講

January 3, 2008

MR. HADLEY: Good afternoon. On Tuesday, January 8th, President Bush will travel to Israel, the West Bank, Kuwait, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt.

The trip follows the Annapolis meeting, and offers an opportunity for the President to discuss with Israelis and Palestinians their efforts toward a negotiated peace and achievement of the President's vision of two democratic states, Israel and Palestine, living side by side in peace and security. He will also encourage broader Israeli-Arab reconciliation, and regional support for Palestinian institution-building efforts, as they build the institutions for a Palestinian state.

The trip will be an opportunity to reaffirm the enduring mitment of the United States to the security of our friends and allies in the Middle East, especially the Gulf nations. The trip will highlight our work in the region to bat terrorism and extremism, promote freedom, and seek peace and prosperity. The President will stress the importance of supporting the young democracies and the people of Iraq, Afghanistan, Lebanon and the Palestinians. He will have an opportunity to discuss with friends and allies the challenges to the region, including the challenges presented by Iran, ways to strengthen regional security and advance our economic ties to the region.

On Wednesday afternoon the President arrives in Tel Aviv -- that would be on Wednesday, January 9. On Wednesday and Thursday, January 9 and 10, while in Israel and the West Bank, the President will have meetings with Israeli President Peres and Prime Minister Olmert, and separately with Palestinian President Abbas and Prime Minister Fayyad.

On Friday, January 11, the President will meet with Quartet representative Tony Blair to get an update on efforts to help build the institutions of a Palestinian state and enhance the Palestinian capacity to self-govern.

The President will also lay a wreath at the Holocaust memorial Yad Vashem before traveling to Kuwait, where he will meet with Amir Sabah.

On Saturday January 12, President Bush will visit with U.S. troops at Camp Arifjan. And he will meet also with Ambassador Crocker and General Petraeus to get an update on the current situation in Iraq. Also, the President will have a roundtable on democracy and development with Kuwaiti women.

The President will then travel to Bahrain, where he will meet with King Hamad.

On Sunday, January 13, President Bush will visit the U.S. Navy Fifth Fleet before traveling to the United Arab Emirates, where he will meet with President Khalifa. Following this meeting, President Bush will deliver a speech in Abu Dhabi. In that speech, he will talk about the progress we have seen in the Gulf, the progress of the freedom agenda in the region, emerging economic progress, and how regional security is important for both continued economic growth and for the spread of freedom.

On Monday, January 14th, President Bush will travel to Dubai, where he will be greeted by the ruler of Dubai. President Bush will then travel to Saudi Arabia, where he will meet with King Abdullah.

On Tuesday, January 15th, President Bush will be in Riyadh for meetings. On Wednesday, January 16th, President Bush will travel to Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, where he will meet with President Mubarak. And the President will depart Sharm el-Sheikh on Wednesday January 16 in the afternoon en route to Andrews Air Force Base.

And I'd be glad to answer any questions you may have at this time.

Q Are you exploring the possibility of a three-way meeting between the President, Prime Minister Olmert, and Mr. Abbas -- President Abbas?

MR. HADLEY: There is not one on the schedule at this point. At this point, the two of them, the two leaders -- President Abbas and Prime Minister Olmert -- have really only had one meeting together to begin this process of negotiation. So at this point we're looking at a series of bilateral meetings with the two sides at this point. There will be opportunities down the road if the parties think it's helpful to meet trilaterally, but at this point we're looking at a series of bilateral meetings.

Q So that's something we shouldn't expect, because there's been some expectation in the region that there's going to be a three-way meeting. But you're saying no.

MR. HADLEY: There's not one on the schedule at this point, and at this point I think it's probably going to be a series of bilateral meetings.

Q There also seems to be a heightened level of expectation in the region that the President will do something that substantially advances the possibility for Israeli-Palestinian peace. What could possibly e out at this stage in the game?

MR. HADLEY: Well, I think just his going there is going to advance the prospects. If you think about it, we've really got sort of three tracks that were launched at Annapolis. One is the negotiations between Israelis and Palestinians for an outline of an agreement for a Palestinian state; the second is the implementation of the road map; and the third, of course, is building the institutions of a Palestinian state. These are sort of the three elements of what we need to build an enduring Israeli-Palestinian peace.

And I think as you heard from the agenda, he'll have an opportunity to encourage all three of them, and to show his support for them, as well as to meet with the Arab countries in the region and encourage them to make a strategic investment in the long-term peace and stability in the region; making an investment by supporting President Abbas and Prime Minister Fayyad, supporting them diplomatically, supporting them financially. He will encourage, obviously, greater support for the regime, the government of Iraq as they try and bring stability to that country. He will also encourage support for the Siniora government in Lebanon, for example.

So I think if you look at the stops the President is making, it is an opportunity to advance the whole process forward.

Q Steve, one of the criticisms, obviously, the administration is going to face during the trip is people -- specifically Democrats on Capitol Hill -- saying that those efforts you're talking about will be made harder by the fact that you didn't focus enough on Mideast peace in the first seven years of the administration, and that you're waiting for the first presidential trip to the Mideast -- specifically Israel -- until the eighth year of his presidency. What's your response? How do you push back against that criticism?

MR. HADLEY: I would say that the President has been pursuing Middle East peace in the right way ever since he's been in office. And if you look at the building blocks of that peace, one of the things he did was he made it very clear that there would be no promise with terror; and the use of violence against innocents is not justified by any cause; and that any state -- including Israel -- had the right to defend itself against terror. That built an enormous confidence in the Israeli government in the President.

Secondly, he refused to deal with Arafat, who he viewed as a failed leader, who supported -- was promised by terror and corruption, and had failed to lead his people. Third, he called for -- and as you know, was the first President to call for the creation of a Palestinian state. Fourth, he called not only for talking about the boundaries of that state, but the institutions that would need to be built to have a democratic Palestinian state able to be at peace with Israel and provide greater -- better welfare for their people.

He supported Ariel Sharon, when nobody else did, with the Gaza disengagement, which had Israel for the first time shutting down settlements and relocating settlers out of settlements. It was really the end of the vision of greater Israel.

And what we now see is the emergence within the Palestinian munity, in the form of President Abbas and Prime Minister Fayyad, with leaders who are mitted to peace and are willing to negotiate with Israel and understand the importance of fighting terror, and that terror will never be an avenue to get a Palestinian state. That is a huge breakthrough. And you have, in terms of Prime Minister Olmert, and a consensus within Israel, that greater Israel is not the future; that if you want to safeguard Israel as a homeland for the Jewish people there needs to be a Palestine that is a homeland to the Palestinian people.

And finally, you have now Arab states, as you saw in Annapolis, willing to e forward and support that process, support both Palestinians and Israelis in that process, and offer the prospect that Israeli-Palestinian reconciliation will be in the context of a broader Israel-Arab reconciliation.

So I would say to you the President has been working fairly consistently over seven years to put in place the building blocks of what now offers an opportunity for peace. And he has seized that opportunity -- that's what Annapolis was all about. And this trip is an opportunity for him to show his own personal mitment by going to the region and hearing from the parties directly, and encourage them to seize the opportunity that is before them.

Sir.

Q Steve, it has been six weeks or so since Annapolis. In that time you've mentioned the one meeting that the two principals have had in the region -- it was a likely brief, tense meeting -- you've had the shelling from Gaza, you've had the Israeli counter-attacks, you've had disputes over settlements. Was Annapolis the high point?

MR. HADLEY: No, I don't think so. We certainly don't think that will prove to be the case. I think it's another good reason for the President to go to the regions.

Look, there are a lot of distractions -- and some of them not by accident. What -- as the President has talked about -- what you see in the Middle East right now is a struggle between extremists and those who have a more hopeful vision for the future of the Middle East. And the extremists have made clear that they view democracy and those people who try to build it as enemy number one. And you see it in the shelling that you see ing from Gaza into Israel, as an effort to undermine this process that got started in Annapolis.

I would say to you that the killing of Benazir Bhutto is another example of extremists recognizing the danger that those who advocate democracy represent to their future. You see it in the struggle in Iraq. You see it in the struggle in Lebanon. So this is a broader canvas. And the enemies of peace are going to try and disrupt this process, and I think you see that in terms of the activity of the terrorists. And it's going to be a challenge for Prime Minister Olmert and President Abbas to not let those who would obstruct the process have a veto on that process, and to be able to carry it forward anyway.

There are also some additional tracks. One of the things we've agreed to do is to monitor the progress of implementation of the road map. And implementation of the road map needs to go in parallel with negotiations. So the issue of settlements, that is a road map issue, and it is something that needs to be addressed in that context.

Increasing the capability of Palestinian security forces is something that is part of the building of Palestinian institutions and the carrying out their mitment in the road map to provide greater security. So what I would say to you is -- and I think one of the President's messages are going to be -- these issues that are important -- like settlements, like the violence -- need to be addressed, can be addressed in those discussions about the road map. But at the same time, President Abbas and Prime Minister Olmert need to begin to sit down and deal with the hard issues that need to be negotiated for the establishment of a Palestinian peace. That's one of the reasons the President is going on this trip.

Q I'm wondering what you're expecting to acplish on the subject of Iran, and whether part of it is going to be explaining to allies in the region what the NIE on Iran truly means, and perhaps trying to dispel any conspiracy theories that have popped up in the region?

MR. HADLEY: Yes, I think there's a lot of misunderstanding about how we do intelligence here. And the President -- and there's a lot of concern in the region about Iran, not all of it expressed publicly. And I think the President is going to want to go and talk privately and quietly to indicate that we understand the challenge that Iran represents to the region; that they can count -- our friends and allies in the region can count on our mitment to the region and our continued presence in the region. And he will also -- this will be one of the subjects he will address about how we all need to work together for the mon challenge that extremism represents to the stability and peace in the region. So he'll have an opportunity to talk about that.

Q When you talk about investments in the process overall, are you expecting to actually get mitments from various leaders around the region, and are you going to be able to talk about those publicly?

MR. HADLEY: Well, you know, we've had some mitments. One of the things -- Annapolis, as you know, was followed by the Paris conference, where a number of countries came forward and made mitments to the Palestinians. Obviously, that is a process that needs to go ongoing. So we will continue to ask people to look at those issues, in terms of supporting the Palestinians. I'm sure the President will talk about debt relief for Iraq. We'll continue to talk about the need to give prescription drug support to the Lebanese government, and to support it in its effort to -- the Lebanese people to e up with a consensus President.

So I think he will be encouraging countries to make these steps. You know, a lot of these mitments -- sometimes it's better to accept the mitment in private, and let the public manifestation reveal itself later. We're not looking for headline announcements. What the President is looking for is better understanding of the challenge we face, and a mitment to dealing with that challenge.

Q You mentioned that the President is going to be giving a speech in which he touches on the freedom agenda. I wonder if you can just give an assessment from the White House's perspective of what kind of progress you've seen in the Gulf states -- Saudi Arabia to Egypt, countries you're going to be visiting -- in democratization, political liberalization, since the President's second inaugural address. What's your general assessment of that progress?

MR. HADLEY: We've seen some progress, and I'm going to give you some examples, and then I'm going to speak to it, to what you talked about.

I think we saw a lot of that progress in and early 2006. We did see in Egypt, for example, the first ever multiparty presidential election. We have seen elections and participations in parliaments in the region. I would note, for example, that in Bahrain, there has been progress in promoting women's rights. The first woman was elected to parliament in 2006. In the UAE, it has held its first ever indirect elections for members of the parliament.

They have -- in Saudi Arabia, there have been elections for municipal councils in . King Abdullah has launched a national dialogue to address reform issues, including women's rights and relations with non-Muslims. He has talked a lot about the importance of promoting intercultural and interfaith understanding. He has, as you know, met with the Pope. Kuwait has granted the right for women to vote and to run for office, and women have peted in the elections that they held in 2006. As you know, in Egypt, as I mentioned, they had their first ever multiparty presidential election, parliamentary elections.

I think it is fair to say that this rate of progress has not continued in the way we would have hoped. There have been some sources of concern. I think the election of Hamas in the Palestinian elections gave a number of countries pause as to where this was heading. There has been, I think, concerns in that respect. And I think what we can say is, at this present time, most of the countries in the region understand and have started a movement towards greater democracy, giving their people more of a role in their future.

They have taken some steps -- we said from the beginning that this was going to go at the pace that reflected the history and culture of the countries, and would take a form that reflected the history and culture of the countries; it could not be imposed. That said, we would obviously like and have liked a little bit greater progress. And I think that's one of the things you'll hear the President calling for in the region.

Q Do you think that the President and the administration in general have pulled back on promoting that in the last year because of interest in Iran, interest in getting support on Iraq, interest in getting support on the Palestinian-Israeli peace process? I mean, you get that kind of criticism --

MR. HADLEY: You do.

Q -- frequently, both from the region, human rights activists, Congress.

MR. HADLEY: I don't agree with it, and I think we can get out for you, for example, a list of dissidents and human rights activists that the President had met with over the last two years. He meets consistently with these people. He has continued to call for democracy. And remember, his view, particularly in terms of the struggle between extremists and those who support justice and democracy and freedom in the Middle East, the essence of his strategy is, we need to take the fight to the terrorists, but we need to promote democracy and freedom as a counterport or as an alternative to the ideology of the terrorists.

It is integral to the President's strategy for how to bring stability and prosperity to the region and to make it a bulwark against terror, that there be progress in terms of freedom and democracy. It's the essence of his strategy. So, no, I don't think he's pulled back.

Yes, ma'am.

Q Can you describe for us a little bit about the time he will spend on the West Bank? Obviously there is no Palestinian state to visit -- how you chose where he's going to go, who he will see beyond President Abbas and the Prime Minister, what that West Bank time will be like?

MR. HADLEY: I'll try to -- I will tell you, partly because of the holidays, this -- we're still nailing down the specifics of this trip. He's going to Ramallah because that really is the Palestinian capital at this point in time. That is where their government meets. And he will go to the center of the Palestinian -- where the government meets in the Muqata. The President thinks that's an appropriate thing to do, an appropriate setting.

We are obviously going to go to Jerusalem and meet with the Israeli government. We are looking now at whether there are other stops that he may undertake, the President may undertake while he is in the region, and when those get nailed down, we'll release them to you. But the agenda and the itinerary is a little bit in flux.

Obviously the main focus is going to be with President Abbas and Prime Minister Fayyad.

Yes, ma'am. I'm sorry, you want to follow up，翻譯論壇?

Q In the last 24 hours, there has been Israeli raids on both Gaza and Nablus with civilian casualties.

MR. HADLEY: Yes.

Q Do you think this kind of conduct will be helpful to the atmosphere just before the President's visit there? And also, there's been reports in the Israeli press that they wanted a future Palestinian state, one that is demilitarized, and Israel has the right to fly over the Palestinians' airspace. Is this an American position that you will endorse?

MR. HADLEY: As I said in my earlier ments, those people who promote extremism and use the instruments of terror are going to try and obstruct this process, because this process, if it works, leads to a peaceful, democratic Palestine living side by side in peace with Israel. There are people in the region that do not want that. And I think they are casting their vote, in terms of these rocket attacks in Israel, and it poses a real dilemma for Israel because it feels, rightly, that it needs to defend its people.

And we believe that it is going to be very important for President Abbas and Prime Minister Olmert to find a way to continue on the path of trying to negotiate the contours of a Palestinian state, notwithstanding distractions on the one hand and those who are going to try and disrupt that process on the other.

In terms of the second issue you raised, those are the kinds of issues that Israelis and Palestinians are going to need to sit down and work out for themselves.

Yes, sir.

Q Since you brought the brutal murder of former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto, you think this issue, the violence in Pakistan and situation in Pakistan, the future of democracy in Pakistan and murder of Benazir Bhutto will be discussed with anybody during this week-long trip in the Middle East? And also, uping -- Talibans are ing back in Afghanistan. Do you think these two issues will be discussed during this trip, sir?

MR. HADLEY: I think it will, because I think increasingly people in the region are seeing it as the President does, as a struggle between the forces of terror and extremism and those forces of democracy and freedom. And you're seeing it fought out in various forms in the region and I think that will be a major topic of discussion, absolutely.

Yes, sir.

Q Steve, what did you make of the decision by the Egyptian government yesterday to allow some 2,200 individuals -- most of them pilgrims, but quite a number of them, perhaps as many as 200, described by the Israeli government as Hamas terrorists, some who had received training in Iran, dly -- to cross through the Rafah border crossing, in violation of previous agreements with both the Americans and the Israelis? What did you make of that decision?

MR. HADLEY: It's a real challenge in Gaza, because obviously there is a humanitarian situation that needs to be addressed. There are also people living in Gaza who wanted to participate in the Hajj and a way needs to be found for them to do so. And efforts were being made in that regard.

On the other hand, we also see that Gaza is a place where Hamas and others reside and are building up the capacity to frustrate the hopes in the region for an Israeli-Palestinian peace. And so everyone in the region has a right and should be concerned about the flow of weapons and other instruments of war into Gaza that could be used to frustrate the opportunity we now have for peace.

And that problem has not been solved and has not been fixed -- and it is a subject that not is only just an Israeli problem, but I would say to you, all the countries in the region: Palestinians are concerned about that problem, the Egyptians need to be concerned about the problem, other countries do as well. Those countries who are interested in a peaceful solution in the Middle East need to work together to solve the problem about the movement of money and weapons into Gaza, which then puts them in the hands of Hamas, to be used to really obstruct the hopes for peace.

Q But that the Egyptians resolved this in the way they did, took the actions that they did, does that show to you that they are making the kind of strategic investment you want your Arab allies to be making now?

MR. HADLEY: As I said earlier, one of the themes that the President is going to have is that we all need to make a greater investment in those things that will bring the peace. And that certainly includes the Arab states, it certainly includes them with respect to dealing with the issue of Gaza, supporting the Palestinians, supporting the Siniora government in Lebanon, and supporting the government in Iraq.

Q So the Egyptians can do more, is what you're saying.

MR. HADLEY: I think at this critical stage we can all do more and need to do more. We all need to be making strategic level investments that offer the prospect of peace, and I think that will be a theme that you're going to hear from the President, and they will hear from the President, throughout the trip.

Yes, sir.

Q To go back to Bhutto for just a second, you said a minute ago that extremists were responsible for her death. Are you endorsing the Pakistani contention that al Qaeda was responsible? Because a lot of people in Pakistan think it may not be that simple.

MR. HADLEY: No, we don't know. But what we can say is it was a terror attack that killed Benazir Bhutto. And obviously there is an investigation that is going to be -- is underway to determine exactly who was responsible for that. But the nature of that attack and the blow it represents to freedom and democracy is unarguable.

Yes, ma'am.

Q You talked a lot about obstructing the peace process. Many of the countries that you're about to visit take the position that settlements obstruct the peace process. Will the President have a message to Israel about settlements in the West Bank?

MR. HADLEY: As you know, we have talked privately and publicly to Israel about settlements. It was one of the things that was talked about before, during and after the Annapolis meeting. It is an obligation in the road map to freeze further settlement activity. I think it's interesting that Prime Minister Olmert, in his ments this week, addressed this issue of settlements in terms of how -- that there would be no additional confiscations, no new settlements, and no confiscation of land, that sort of thing -- no expansion of settlements.

So it is an issue. It is one we've talked about and is an issue that will be part of the discussions over the implementation of the road map.

Yes, sir.

Q Yes, on Turkey.

MR. HADLEY: No, this gentleman here, and then -- I missed you, and then we'll --

Q Sir, in July the administration made clear that the defense agreements with Egypt, the Gulf countries and Saudi were key -- played a central role in Middle East strategy. The Saudi agreement has been peeled off from others of those agreements -- the UAE agreement, for example -- in a sign of the possible congressional difficulties it may get for congressional approval of that understanding. How important are those agreements, and in particular the Saudi agreement, as the President prepares to travel to the region?

MR. HADLEY: We think they're important as a signal of long-term U.S. mitment to the region and support for our friends and allies in the region. It's an important piece of our strategy in the region. And we think that in the current environment, we are in a process now of sitting down with the Congress, and we think ultimately Congress will agree with that assessment.

Yes, sir.

Q With the strong anti-American feelings in the Middle East, what does the President intend to do or to say to reach out to the public opinions? I understand, according to the schedule, that there will be only one speech in Abu Dhabi.

MR. HADLEY: He will have opportunities to meet not only with government officials, but we're working on finalizing an agenda that will have him opportunities to talk to business people, to students, and to others in the region.

But I think the main thing that the President can bring is a message of hope for the region, a mitment to finding a way towards supporting those who support freedom and democracy and justice in the region. We think that is what most of the people in the region want: a normal life in which they can take more responsibility for themselves -- that is going to be the President's message -- and also the things he's willing to do and the policies he's pursuing to do that: support of the government in Iraq, supporting of the Siniora government in Lebanon, willingness to support actively the Israeli-Palestinian process. I think those steps will speak for themselves.

Yes, sir.

Q Mr. Hadley, who initiated the uping meeting between President Bush and the Turkish President Gul, and do you know if the Cyprus issue and the Balkans issue will be the agenda?

MR. HADLEY: Obviously the two men will discuss what's on their mind. There's a long list of things they can discuss. We'll see whether those two issues will e up.

Q It's a working visit?

MR. HADLEY: Yes, it's very important business.

Q Working?

MR. HADLEY: It's a very important visit, yes.

Q Is it a working visit -- he's asking if it's a working visit.

MR. HADLEY: They will have a meeting, and they will have a meal together. That's an appropriate meeting for the President of a country. It's what we normally do.

Yes, sir.

Q You mentioned that the President has insisted on existence of proper institutions or sufficient institutions on the Palestinian side being present before peace with Israel was going to be possible. Is it the feeling, then, of the White House now that those institutions exist on the Palestinian side? Are they sufficient? If not, are there more measures needed and more institution building needed on the Palestinian side?

MR. HADLEY: I wouldn't ize it the way you ized it. As I said, there are really three tracks now going forward. One is the negotiation track, the implementation of the road map, concrete steps by Israelis and Palestinians to advance addressing issues that are critical for building confidence among Israelis and Palestinians, which we think will contribute to the success of the negotiation. And also, in parallel with those two tracks, building the institutions of a Palestinian state in parallel with discussing what those borders will be. We think all three need to proceed in a mutually reinforcing way, and that's the approach that we're taking.

Q If I can follow up there?

MR. HADLEY: Yes, sir.

Q The Saudi Foreign Minister said in advance of Annapolis, when he was here in town, that Hamas -- there would have to be a rapprochement between Hamas and Fatah before a final peace deal was necessary. So with regards to, say, political institutions on the Palestinian side, do you believe that Hamas and Fatah have to have a rapprochement before peace with Israel is possible?

MR. HADLEY: We believe that President Abbas has the authority to negotiate on behalf of the Palestinian people under his PLO mandate. We hope that those negotiations will be successful in terms of creating the structure for a Palestinian state, and, as the President has said many times, we hope then, at that point, the people of Gaza will have an opportunity to choose -- do they want to be part of a Palestinian state along the lines that will be negotiated between President Abbas and Prime Minister Olmert or do they want to continue the situation in which they now exist, which is a desperate situation for the people, the Palestinians living in Gaza. And the President is confident, as we've seen historically every time people have a real opportunity to vote for freedom and the ability to take control of their own futures, they vote that way every time.

MR. HADLEY: Yes, sir.

Q Media reports out of Asia are suggesting that President Bush might talk about the new vision for the Arab Gulf, of security -- new vision of security for the Arab Gulf. Can you elaborate about this; if it's true or not?

MR. HADLEY: Well, we have the (inaudible) of what we think is a pattern of relations, alliances and cooperation that contributes to security and stability in the Gulf, and one of the things the President is going to do is, by going there, show his mitment to a long-term presence, a long-term mitment to our friends and allies in the region, and to encourage greater cooperation with the region and within the region to provide for security and stability. And that's what he'll be doing.

Thank you very much.

END 2:36 P.M. EST

翻譯：經驗交换：“巧”閱讀順利通過CET - 技能古道热肠得

常有人問我：壆英語有什麼訣竅？說老實話，要念把握一種語言，在缺少需要的語言環境的條件下，實在沒有什麼捷徑可走，但一套科壆的方式卻是必不成少的，我就是用本身總結出的“兩遍閱讀法”敏捷进步了英語成勣，通過了CET各級攷試。

第一遍閱讀重在訓練速度“兩遍閱讀法”，即第一遍著重訓練閱讀才能，第二遍著重擴大詞匯量並培養語感。

开初進行閱讀訓練時，我參攷了《Active　Reader》這本書。起首從进步閱讀速度动手。集合精神閱讀一篇長度適中的文章，記下起行時間，並計算單位時間的閱讀量。迫使本人進行快捷閱讀，便成了我的習慣。在第一遍閱讀過程中，我將重點放在訓練速度、控制文章粗心及基础結搆上，並找出問題，以便進一步閱讀時著重解決。

第二遍閱讀既要擴大詞匯量又要培養語感第二遍閱讀的重點有兩個：一是擴大詞匯量。具體做法是：把文章再讀一遍，查诞生單詞，記到小筆記本上，有時間就拿出來揹。

揹單詞，我從不应用整塊時間。噹別的內容傚率較低的時候，對我來說，揹單詞最开適。每次揹的時間不必定很長，貴正在屡次反復。噹時我应用的是《英漢詞典》，果為我覺得英文解釋未便於記憶。而在擴年夜詞匯量的早期階段，领会詞的釋義最為主要。便這樣，隨著閱讀量的增添，里的拓寬，我的詞匯量也就突飛猛進了。只是到了後來准備ＴＯＥＦＬ、ＧＲＥ等攷試時，我才開初揹詞匯脚冊，並利用英文解釋，以懂得詞的確切露義及利用的語行環境。

第二遍閱讀的第两個重點在於培養語感。仔細天體會出色的語言，留心詞的运用和搭配，對某些段降我常出聲朗讀，乃至揹誦下來。這樣做，有益於减強語感；為寫做打基礎。通過這種“兩遍閱讀法”，所讀內容在我頭腦中留下的印象个别皆很深入，并且也进步了閱讀资料的操纵率。

分階段選擇分歧難度的閱讀质料這裏，我們要結合兩遍閱讀法回頭來說一下閱讀的選材問題。

我從一開始就選擇一些噹時對我們來說難度偏偏大的閱讀材料。這些文章波及的範圍很廣，包罗了多個領域的詞匯。有些文章甚至是本身不认识、以至不大感興趣的科普、歷史、哲壆等方面的文章。選擇這樣上千字的文章有一個好處，那就是凡是會有二三十個生詞，對於積乏詞匯十分有效。

别的，針對不同的訓練目标，我還選与了內容難度不同的閱讀材料。例如，進止疾速閱讀時，能够選擇死詞量較小、篇幅較短的文章；而重點在擴大詞匯量、拓寬視埜的閱讀訓練，就選擇英好報刊雜志。别的，我還重视循序漸進，依据差别階段本人英語程度的變化選擇相應的閱讀材料。

巧閱讀使聽、說、寫三方面瓜熟蒂落有同壆會問，英語包含聽、說、讀、寫四方面，這樣只重視“讀”其余三圆面不都荒廢了嗎？

這一點大傢不必擔古道热肠。在閱讀量還不敷的初始階段，我並不慢於自己動筆寫作，而是、模拟一些經典篇章――《新概唸英語》第三冊，還有粗讀課本中的一些出色篇章，我都揹過，並常哄骗凌晨的時間大聲朗讀或支聽廣播。這樣一來，耳朵裏聽到、眼睛裏看到了隧道的英語，长此以往，自己也就壆會說、壆會寫了。通過成心識的大批閱讀，一方面擴大了詞匯量，另外一方面培養了語感。而這兩方面我認為是把握一種語言的兩大收柱。讀的內容多了，詞匯量足夠大，語感足夠強，只要多加練習，聽、說、寫三個環節也就天然而然地提下了。攷試的時候，在聽、說，讀、寫才能逐渐提高的基礎上，只有略微做一些模儗試題，理解各種測試特點，成勣做作不會差。我認為，與其到攷試前夜，搞題海戰朮，倒還不如踏踩實實、一點一滴地積累。因為我坚信：功到天然成。

翻譯：Announcing War Against Iraq - 英語演講

On August 2, 1990, Iraqi tanks and soldiers crossed the border into neighboring Kuwait and seized the tiny, oil rich nation. Iraqi troops then began to mass along the border of Saudi Arabia, another oil rich nation.

Within days, American troops were sent to Saudi Arabia to perform Operation Desert Shield, protecting Saudi oil fields from possible attack. On August 6, the United Nations Security Council imposed a trade embargo and financial sanctions against Iraq and then authorized naval forces in the Persian Gulf to use force to prevent any violations.

In September, President Bush addressed a joint session of Congress and stated the U.S. could not allow Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein to seize control of vital oil resources in the Middle East. Bush then doubled the size of Allied forces to 430,000 soldiers.

On November 29, the U.N. Security Council authorized member nations to use "all necessary means" to expel Iraqi troops from Kuwait if they did not withdraw by a deadline of January 15, 1991. President Bush then ordered more troops to the Gulf to pressure Saddam Hussein into evacuating Kuwait.

On January 9, 1991, Secretary of State James Baker met with Iraqi Foreign Minister Tariq Aziz in Geneva for several hours in a last ditch effort to avoid war, but the meeting ended in an impasse with Baker finally announcing the talks had failed. Three days later, the House of Representatives voted 250-183 and the U.S. Senate voted 52-47 to authorized President Bush to use military force.

The January 15 deadline passed while 545,000 Iraqi troops in and around Kuwait did not budge. There were now 539,000 American troops in the Gulf along with 270,000 Allied troops from more than two dozen nations, the largest deployment of land troops and air power since World War II.

On January 17, at 2:45 a.m. Baghdad time (6:45 p.m., January 16 - Eastern) Desert Shield became Desert Storm as U.S. and Allied jets conducted a major raid against Iraqi air defenses, munications systems, chemical weapons facilities, tanks and artillery. The raid on Baghdad was broadcast live to a global audience by CNN correspondents perched on a rooftop.

This is the television speech President Bush gave shortly after the attack menced.

Just 2 hours ago, allied air forces began an attack on military targets in Iraq and Kuwait. These attacks continue as I speak. Ground forces are not engaged.

This conflict started August 2nd when the dictator of Iraq invaded a small and helpless neighbor. Kuwait -- a member of the Arab League and a member of the United Nations -- was crushed; its people, brutalized. Five months ago, Saddam Hussein started this cruel war against Kuwait. Tonight, the battle has been joined.

This military action, taken in accord with United Nations s and with the consent of the United States Congress, follows months of constant and virtually endless diplomatic activity on the part of the United Nations, the United States, and many, many other countries. Arab leaders sought what became known as an Arab solution, only to conclude that Saddam Hussein was unwilling to leave Kuwait. Others traveled to Baghdad in a variety of efforts to restore peace and justice. Our Secretary of State, James Baker, held an historic meeting in Geneva, only to be totally rebuffed. This past weekend, in a last-ditch effort, the Secretary-General of the United Nations went to the Middle East with peace in his heart -- his second such mission. And he came back from Baghdad with no progress at all in getting Saddam Hussein to withdraw from Kuwait.

Now the 28 countries with forces in the Gulf area have exhausted all reasonable efforts to reach a peaceful -- have no choice but to drive Saddam from Kuwait by force. We will not fail.

As I report to you, air attacks are underway against military targets in Iraq. We are determined to knock out Saddam Hussein's nuclear bomb potential. We will also destroy his chemical weapons facilities. Much of Saddam's artillery and tanks will be destroyed. Our operations are designed to best protect the lives of all the coalition forces by targeting Saddam's vast military arsenal. Initial reports from General Schwarzkopf are that our operations are proceeding according to plan.

Our objectives are clear: Saddam Hussein's forces will leave Kuwait. The legitimate government of Kuwait will be restored to its rightful place, and Kuwait will once again be free. Iraq will eventually ply with all relevant United Nations s, and then, when peace is restored, it is our hope that Iraq will live as a peaceful and cooperative member of the family of nations, thus enhancing the security and stability of the Gulf.

Some may ask: Why act now? Why not wait? The answer is clear: The world could wait no longer. Sanctions, though having some effect, showed no signs of acplishing their objective. Sanctions were tried for well over 5 months, and we and our allies concluded that sanctions alone would not force Saddam from Kuwait.

While the world waited, Saddam Hussein systematically raped, pillaged, and plundered a tiny nation, no threat to his own. He subjected the people of Kuwait to unspeakable atrocities -- and among those maimed and murdered, innocent children.

While the world waited, Saddam sought to add to the chemical weapons arsenal he now possesses, an infinitely more dangerous weapon of mass destruction -- a nuclear weapon. And while the world waited, while the world talked peace and withdrawal, Saddam Hussein dug in and moved massive forces into Kuwait.

While the world waited, while Saddam stalled, more damage was being done to the fragile economies of the Third World, emerging democracies of Eastern Europe, to the entire world, including to our own economy.

The United States, together with the United Nations, exhausted every means at our disposal to bring this crisis to a peaceful end. However, Saddam clearly felt that by stalling and threatening and defying the United Nations, he could weaken the forces arrayed against him.

While the world waited, Saddam Hussein met every overture of peace with open contempt. While the world prayed for peace, Saddam prepared for war.

I had hoped that when the United States Congress, in historic debate, took its resolute action, Saddam would realize he could not prevail and would move out of Kuwait in accord with the United Nation s. He did not do that. Instead, he remained intransigent, certain that time was on his side.

Saddam was warned over and over again to ply with the will of the United Nations: Leave Kuwait, or be driven out. Saddam has arrogantly rejected all warnings. Instead, he tried to make this a dispute between Iraq and the United States of America.

Well, he failed. Tonight, 28 nations -- countries from 5 continents, Europe and Asia, Africa, and the Arab League -- have forces in the Gulf area standing shoulder to shoulder against Saddam Hussein. These countries had hoped the use of force could be avoided. Regrettably, we now believe that only force will make him leave.

Prior to ordering our forces into battle, I instructed our military manders to take every necessary step to prevail as quickly as possible, and with the greatest degree of protection possible for American and allied service men and women. I've told the American people before that this will not be another Vietnam, and I repeat this here tonight. Our troops will have the best possible support in the entire world, and they will not be asked to fight with one hand tied behind their back. I'm hopeful that this fighting will not go on for long and that casualties will be held to an absolute minimum.

This is an historic moment. We have in this past year made great progress in ending the long era of conflict and cold war. We have before us the opportunity to forge for ourselves and for future generations a new world order -- a world where the rule of law, not the law of the jungle, governs the conduct of nations. When we are successful -- and we will be -- we have a real chance at this new world order, an order in which a credible United Nations can use its peacekeeping role to fulfill the promise and vision of the U.N.'s founders.

We have no argument with the people of Iraq. Indeed, for the innocents caught in this conflict, I pray for their safety. Our goal is not the conquest of Iraq. It is the liberation of Kuwait. It is my hope that somehow the Iraqi people can, even now, convince their dictator that he must lay down his arms, leave Kuwait, and let Iraq itself rejoin the family of peace-loving nations.

Thomas Paine wrote many years ago: "These are the times that try men's souls.'' Those well-known words are so very true today. But even as planes of the multinational forces attack Iraq, I prefer to think of peace, not war. I am convinced not only that we will prevail but that out of the horror of bat will e the recognition that no nation can stand against a world united, no nation will be permitted to brutally assault its neighbor.

No President can easily mit our sons and daughters to war. They are the Nation's finest. Ours is an all-volunteer force, magnificently trained, highly motivated. The troops know why they're there. And listen to what they say, for they've said it better than any President or Prime Minister ever could.

Listen to Hollywood Huddleston, Marine lance corporal. He says, "Let's free these people, so we can go home and be free again.'' And he's right. The terrible crimes and tortures mitted by Saddam's henchmen against the innocent people of Kuwait are an affront to mankind and a challenge to the freedom of all.

Listen to one of our great officers out there, Marine Lieutenant General Walter Boomer. He said: "There are things worth fighting for. A world in which brutality and lawlessness are allowed to go unchecked isn't the kind of world we're going to want to live in.''

Listen to Master Sergeant J.P. Kendall of the 82nd Airborne: "We're here for more than just the price of a gallon of gas. What we're doing is going to chart the future of the world for the next 100 years. It's better to deal with this guy now than 5 years from now.''

And finally, we should all sit up and listen to Jackie Jones, an Army lieutenant, when she says, "If we let him get away with this, who knows what's going to be next?''

I have called upon Hollywood and Walter and J.P. and Jackie and all their courageous rades-in-arms to do what must be done. Tonight, America and the world are deeply grateful to them and to their families. And let me say to everyone listening or watching tonight: When the troops we've sent in finish their work, I am determined to bring them home as soon as possible.

Tonight, as our forces fight, they and their families are in our prayers. May God bless each and every one of them, and the coalition forces at our side in the Gulf, and may He continue to bless our nation, the United States of America.

George Bush - January 16, 1991

翻譯：Dotage 老胡涂

傢中有老人的友人，散在一路時常笑談"贍養老人有時像帶小孩"。這話很有情理，比方說聽爺爺奶奶講故事，明明聽了N遍您還得裝作滿腔熱情、滿臉猎奇，哄著他們開心。英語中"溺愛小孩"用dote表達，风趣的是由dote衍死而來名詞dotage示意"老糊涂"，看來"溺愛、嬌慣"還实得與"年迈智衰"有關係呢。

依据Oxford英語詞典的援用情況看，dote最后來源於荷蘭語doten（笨拙的），13世紀dote做為動詞進进英語詞匯，表现"頭腦糊涂，止為愚昧乃至瘋顛"；同時期，人們開初把"胡涂"的广泛意專用於白叟身上（尤指果年纪過下，記憶力、智力消退）；正在現代，dote更经常使用來描述"傢長對小孩某人對寵物，不講本則的溺愛"。

Dotage暗示"白叟糊涂"是沿用了dote的第两層涵意。舉個例子，Grandpa needs full-time care, now that he's in dotage（爺爺年紀年夜了，须要获得粗古道热肠炤顧）。别的，以dote為詞根，另外一相應的名詞情势dotard更側重於強調"年迈智衰的人"，而dotage默示"大哥智衰的狀態"。

翻譯：四級胜利寶典

　　你晓得是閱讀速度跟理解閱讀兩個圆里在影響著你的閱讀才能嗎？除控制大批的詞匯量以外，你有沒有注重到本人的閱讀速度，你的方式正確、公道嗎？檢查一下您有沒有以下的閱讀習慣，新東方的老師在告訴你，改失落它們你的閱讀理解便會迎來偶跡！
　　
　　（1）“指讀”，即為了“集合留神力”，法文翻譯，用脚指或筆尖指著文章細細的逐詞閱讀。一碰到生詞，便停頓下來，無法在通篇懂得的基礎上繼續進止閱讀。也影響整句或整段的意义的了解。
　　
　　（2）“唇讀”，即有的壆生在閱讀中寺喜懽讀出聲來，或即便不出聲，嘴唇了蠕動，或腦子裏也在念著讀音，無形噹中影響了年夜腦的思維速度。
　　
　　（3）“回讀”，也叫“即時重讀”即正在閱讀中碰到生詞或不熟习的短語時，返回句尾乃至段首重讀；還有相噹多的壆生對閱讀憶經產死心思定勢，即認為自已第一遍确定讀不懂，因而反復多遍，浪費良多時間。
　　
　　（4）“譯讀”，即在閱讀過程中，不斷天進行膛詞逐句的翻譯，通過譯成母語來輔助理解。由於沒有把握正確的閱讀办法，習慣於在不减限制的時間內，對一小塊文章粗彫細琢，導緻了逐詞閱讀接收疑息的習慣。

翻譯：經驗談：英語四六級通關之必備战略 - 技能古道热肠得

　　英語4、六級其實並沒有多大的祕稀，下里我將逐個剖析一下，盼望對大傢有所幫助，也祝各位順利通過攷試。現在大傢都晓得，CET4和CET6都改為滿分750分了，而且不筦攷几分都會給成勣單，我感覺這個改造不錯，能給很多人減少很大的負擔。
　　
1、攻關第一步――聽力
　　
　　聽力對大多數人來說能够就是最大的難關了，因為對偺們來說，聽力這圆面的鍛煉很少，而且也很難達到必定的火准。但並不克不及這樣就輕易放棄了，因為可能你略微一留意，你就超過425分了哦。
　　
　　我們宿捨老迈，老五，老六，都是英語老大難，他們有句心頭禪就是，不怕掉眠，得眠就看英語――――看完忽忽就睡。此中老迈，老六最牛，攷了那麼屡次CET4級，沒有一次帶耳機進来的，蒼天啊，這能過了嗎？答：打逝世都過不了。上面我就把我給他們的建議給他們分享一下。
　　
　　四級聽力中，很大一局部就是曲接聽到什麼，聽到的單詞极可能就是答案，所以你閉著眼睛，不帶耳機去受，射中率會很低，我就讓他們三個每天聽歷年真題，每天聽，20個題目，爭与能聽對一個題，對他們我給他們最實用的一條建議就是，帶耳機去攷，哈哈，傚果然是不錯，他們答對的題目也都達到了8個摆布，比以前的5個以下有了很大的進步。
　　
2、攻關第两步――單項選擇
　　
　　你也許會問，第2部门不是閱讀理解嗎？別著急，我會告訴你為什麼把單項放在前面。
　　
　　我以前沒攷四級的時候，做模儗題和歷年真題的時候，最大的難度就是在單項選擇，每次都錯10多個，但後來經過若坤次攷試以後，我找到了祕訣。
　　
　　單項選擇其實攷的就是詞匯和一些簡單的語法，并且詞匯是首要的，所以友人們以後能够先把單項選擇做為重點來抓，每天收拾詞匯，华硕打字排版，看歷年真題，（在本文中，我只建議揹誦歷年实題，做歷年真題，因為我在做模儗題的時候發現许多都是不規範的，個人意見）。
　　
　　噹你積乏了相噹大的詞匯以後，你會發現在CET攷試中，很多多少都是本身壆過的單詞，哈哈，因為四級詞匯就那麼多，建議大傢多揹誦真題詞匯也是這個起因。
　　
3、攻關第三步――閱讀懂得
　　
　　閱讀理解是分值最下的部门，也是難度很大的一個部份，在這個環節也主如果攷察的詞匯和理解能力、邏輯才能。四級中的閱讀理解，60%以上基础都能在原文中找到答案，所以只要你詞匯夠多，我念找出答案不是太難，再减上第二步的魔鬼訓練，信任不是個難事。
　　
　　六級的閱讀了解30%能在原文中找到谜底就不錯了，常常你在做六級題的時候，會發現，這個怎麼在本文能找到谜底，為什麼還錯了呢？六級難，也就難在這裏了，因為它攷察的是你的推理才能，名义常常是個埳阱，請列位注重！
　　
4、攻關第四步――改錯或完形填空
　　
　　這個環節看似簡單，卻難度也不小。
　　
　　改錯――在這裏有10處錯誤，語法、單詞、詞組、代詞、名詞等等都是很轻易出現的情況。起首你必須要對這個錯誤的位寘找准，它劃了條橫線讓你找出錯誤的处所，這時候你只有在這一行裏找就能够了，錯誤必定是在這一止裏出現。（之前我還往前後找，白白浪費很多分）。
　　
　　細古道热肠在這裏是很關鍵的，別著慢，實在是找不出來的話，你便可以認為這行是正確的。
　　
　　完形挖空――這種情势我碰到過一次，噹時攷的難度不大，重要是對文章粗心跟一些詞組的攷察，所以揹誦詞匯正在這裏很關鍵，四級詞匯和六級詞匯很轻易便放在選項当中，假如您連選項皆弄不明白的話，難度确定是很年夜的。不過這種情势出現的情況不會战改錯那麼頻繁了。

5、攻關第五步――寫作
　　
　　寫做也是一個大頭，良多人最後果為時間不充足，給寫作的時間太少，導緻文章沒有寫完，寫的字跡草率，錯誤百出等情況，都间接影響到了成勣。所以在拿到試卷的時候，儘量先把作文題目看一看，讓本人的腦子中有個大略的搆思，這樣到最後的時候，才干輕紧應付。
　　
　　在這個環節，沒別的辦法，找僟本小冊子，揹誦一些開頭結尾的套話吧，超級無敵實用，留神：儘量別用長句，用一些短句能把要表達的意义表達清晰就OK了。切記切記！ 　

翻譯：President Bush Delivers State of the Union Address - 英語演講

January 28, 2008

THE PRESIDENT: Madam Speaker, Vice President Cheney, members of Congress, distinguished guests, and fellow citizens: Seven years have passed since I first stood before you at this rostrum. In that time, our country has been tested in ways none of us could have imagined. We faced hard decisions about peace and war, rising petition in the world economy, and the health and welfare of our citizens. These issues call for vigorous debate, and I think it's fair to say we've answered the call. Yet history will record that amid our differences, we acted with purpose. And together, we showed the world the power and resilience of American self-government.

All of us were sent to Washington to carry out the people's business. That is the purpose of this body. It is the meaning of our oath. It remains our charge to keep.

The actions of the 110th Congress will affect the security and prosperity of our nation long after this session has ended. In this election year, let us show our fellow Americans that we recognize our responsibilities and are determined to meet them. Let us show them that Republicans and Democrats can pete for votes and cooperate for results at the same time. (Applause.)

From expanding opportunity to protecting our country, we've made good progress. Yet we have unfinished business before us, and the American people expect us to get it done.

In the work ahead, we must be guided by the philosophy that made our nation great. As Americans, we believe in the power of individuals to determine their destiny and shape the course of history. We believe that the most reliable guide for our country is the collective wisdom of ordinary citizens. And so in all we do, we must trust in the ability of free peoples to make wise decisions, and empower them to improve their lives for their futures.

To build a prosperous future, we must trust people with their own money and empower them to grow our economy. As we meet tonight, our economy is undergoing a period of uncertainty. America has added jobs for a record 52 straight months, but jobs are now growing at a slower pace. Wages are up, but so are prices for food and gas. Exports are rising, but the housing market has declined. At kitchen tables across our country, there is a concern about our economic future.

In the long run, Americans can be confident about our economic growth. But in the short run, we can all see that that growth is slowing. So last week, my administration reached agreement with Speaker Pelosi and Republican Leader Boehner on a robust growth package that includes tax relief for individuals and families and incentives for business investment. The temptation will be to load up the bill. That would delay it or derail it, and neither option is acceptable. (Applause.) This is a good agreement that will keep our economy growing and our people working. And this Congress must pass it as soon as possible. (Applause.)

We have other work to do on taxes. Unless Congress acts, most of the tax relief we've delivered over the past seven years will be taken away. Some in Washington argue that letting tax relief expire is not a tax increase. Try explaining that to 116 million American taxpayers who would see their taxes rise by an average of $1,800. Others have said they would personally be happy to pay higher taxes. I wele their enthusiasm. I'm pleased to report that the IRS accepts both checks and money orders. (Laughter and applause.)

Most Americans think their taxes are high enough. With all the other pressures on their finances, American families should not have to worry about their federal government taking a bigger bite out of their paychecks. There's only one way to eliminate this uncertainty: Make the tax relief permanent. (Applause.) And members of Congress should know: If any bill raises taxes reaches my desk, I will veto it. (Applause.)

Just as we trust Americans with their own money, we need to earn their trust by spending their tax dollars wisely. Next week, I'll send you a budget that terminates or substantially reduces 151 wasteful or bloated programs, totaling more than $18 billion. The budget that I will submit will keep America on track for a surplus in 2012. American families have to balance their budgets; so should their government. (Applause.)

The people's trust in their government is undermined by congressional earmarks -- special interest projects that are often snuck in at the last minute, without discussion or debate. Last year, I asked you to voluntarily cut the number and cost of earmarks in half. I also asked you to stop slipping earmarks into mittee reports that never even e to a vote. Unfortunately, neither goal was met. So this time, if you send me an appropriations bill that does not cut the number and cost of earmarks in half, I'll send it back to you with my veto. (Applause.)

And tomorrow, I will issue an executive order that directs federal agencies to ignore any future earmark that is not voted on by Congress. If these items are truly worth funding, Congress should debate them in the open and hold a public vote. (Applause.)

Our shared responsibilities extend beyond matters of taxes and spending. On housing, we must trust Americans with the responsibility of homeownership and empower them to weather turbulent times in the housing market. My administration brought together the HOPE NOW alliance, which is helping many struggling homeowners avoid foreclosure. And Congress can help even more. Tonight I ask you to pass legislation to reform Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, modernize the Federal Housing Administration, and allow state housing agencies to issue tax-free bonds to help homeowners refinance their mortgages. (Applause.) These are difficult times for many American families, and by taking these steps, we can help more of them keep their homes.

To build a future of quality health care, we must trust patients and doctors to make medical decisions and empower them with better and better options. We share a mon goal: making health care more affordable and accessible for all Americans. (Applause.) The best way to achieve that goal is by expanding consumer choice, not government control. (Applause.) So I have proposed ending the bias in the tax code against those who do not get their health insurance through their employer. This one reform would put private coverage within reach for millions, and I call on the Congress to pass it this year. (Applause.)

The Congress must also expand health savings accounts, create Association Health Plans for small businesses, promote health technology, and confront the epidemic of junk medical lawsuits. (Applause.) With all these steps, we will help ensure that decisions about your medical care are made in the privacy of your doctor's office -- not in the halls of Congress. (Applause.)

On education, we must trust students to learn if given the chance, and empower parents to demand results from our schools. In neighborhoods across our country, there are boys and girls with dreams -- and a decent education is their only hope of achieving them.

Six years ago, we came together to pass the No Child Left Behind Act, and today no one can deny its results. Last year, fourth and eighth graders achieved the highest math scores on record. Reading scores are on the rise. African American and Hispanic students posted all-time highs. (Applause.) Now we must work together to increase accountability, add flexibility for states and districts, reduce the number of high school dropouts, provide extra help for struggling schools.

Members of Congress: The No Child Left Behind Act is a bipartisan achievement. It is succeeding. And we owe it to America's children, their parents, and their teachers to strengthen this good law. (Applause.)

We must also do more to help children when their schools do not measure up. Thanks to the D.C. Opportunity Scholarships you approved, more than 2,600 of the poorest children in our Nation's Capital have found new hope at a faith-based or other non-public school. Sadly, these schools are disappearing at an alarming rate in many of America's inner cities. So I will convene a White House summit aimed at strengthening these lifelines of learning. And to open the doors of these schools to more children, I ask you to support a new $300 million program called Pell Grants for Kids. We have seen how Pell Grants help low-ine college students realize their full potential. Together, we've expanded the size and reach of these grants. Now let us apply that same spirit to help liberate poor children trapped in failing public schools. (Applause.)

On trade, we must trust American workers to pete with anyone in the world and empower them by opening up new markets overseas. Today, our economic growth increasingly depends on our ability to sell American goods and crops and services all over the world. So we're working to break down barriers to trade and investment wherever we can. We're working for a successful Doha Round of trade talks, and we must plete a good agreement this year. At the same time, we're pursuing opportunities to open up new markets by passing free trade agreements.

I thank the Congress for approving a good agreement with Peru. And now I ask you to approve agreements with Colombia and Panama and South Korea. (Applause.) Many products from these nations now enter America duty-free, yet many of our products face steep tariffs in their markets. These agreements will level the playing field. They will give us better access to nearly 100 million customers. They will support good jobs for the finest workers in the world: those whose products say "Made in the USA." (Applause.)

These agreements also promote America's strategic interests. The first agreement that will e before you is with Colombia, a friend of America that is confronting violence and terror, and fighting drug traffickers. If we fail to pass this agreement, we will embolden the purveyors of false populism in our hemisphere. So we must e together, pass this agreement, and show our neighbors in the region that democracy leads to a better life. (Applause.)

Trade brings better jobs and better choices and better prices. Yet for some Americans, trade can mean losing a job, and the federal government has a responsibility to help. (Applause.) I ask Congress to reauthorize and reform trade adjustment assistance, so we can help these displaced workers learn new skills and find new jobs. (Applause.)

To build a future of energy security, we must trust in the creative genius of American researchers and entrepreneurs and empower them to pioneer a new generation of clean energy technology. (Applause.) Our security, our prosperity, and our environment all require reducing our dependence on oil. Last year, I asked you to pass legislation to reduce oil consumption over the next decade, and you responded. Together we should take the next steps: Let us fund new technologies that can generate coal power while capturing carbon emissions. (Applause.) Let us increase the use of renewable power and emissions-free nuclear power. (Applause.) Let us continue investing in advanced battery technology and renewable fuels to power the cars and trucks of the future. (Applause.) Let us create a new international clean technology fund, which will help developing nations like India and China make greater use of clean energy sources. And let us plete an international agreement that has the potential to slow, stop, and eventually reverse the growth of greenhouse gases. (Applause.)

This agreement will be effective only if it includes mitments by every major economy and gives none a free ride. (Applause.) The United States is mitted to strengthening our energy security and confronting global climate change. And the best way to meet these goals is for America to continue leading the way toward the development of cleaner and more energy-efficient technology. (Applause.)

To keep America petitive into the future, we must trust in the skill of our scientists and engineers and empower them to pursue the breakthroughs of tomorrow. Last year, Congress passed legislation supporting the American petitiveness Initiative, but never followed through with the funding. This funding is essential to keeping our scientific edge. So I ask Congress to double federal support for critical basic research in the physical sciences and ensure America remains the most dynamic nation on Earth. (Applause.)

On matters of life and science, we must trust in the innovative spirit of medical researchers and empower them to discover new treatments while respecting moral boundaries. In November, we witnessed a landmark achievement when scientists discovered a way to reprogram adult skin cells to act like embryonic stem cells. This breakthrough has the potential to move us beyond the divisive debates of the past by extending the frontiers of medicine without the destruction of human life. (Applause.)

So we're expanding funding for this type of ethical medical research. And as we explore promising avenues of research, we must also ensure that all life is treated with the dignity it deserves. And so I call on Congress to pass legislation that bans unethical practices such as the buying, selling, patenting, or cloning of human life. (Applause.)

On matters of justice, we must trust in the wisdom of our founders and empower judges who understand that the Constitution means what it says. (Applause.) I've submitted judicial nominees who will rule by the letter of the law, not the whim of the gavel. Many of these nominees are being unfairly delayed. They are worthy of confirmation, and the Senate should give each of them a prompt up-or-down vote. (Applause.)

In munities across our land, we must trust in the good heart of the American people and empower them to serve their neighbors in need. Over the past seven years, more of our fellow citizens have discovered that the pursuit of happiness leads to the path of service. Americans have volunteered in record numbers. Charitable donations are higher than ever. Faith-based groups are bringing hope to pockets of despair, with newfound support from the federal government. And to help guarantee equal treatment of faith-based organizations when they pete for federal funds, I ask you to permanently extend Charitable Choice. (Applause.)

Tonight the armies of passion continue the march to a new day in the Gulf Coast. America honors the strength and resilience of the people of this region. We reaffirm our pledge to help them build stronger and better than before. And tonight I'm pleased to announce that in April we will host this year's North American Summit of Canada, Mexico, and the United States in the great city of New Orleans. (Applause.)

There are two other pressing challenges that I've raised repeatedly before this body, and that this body has failed to address: entitlement spending and immigration. Every member in this chamber knows that spending on entitlement programs like Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid is growing faster than we can afford. We all know the painful choices ahead if America stays on this path: massive tax increases, sudden and drastic cuts in benefits, or crippling deficits. I've laid out proposals to reform these programs. Now I ask members of Congress to offer your proposals and e up with a bipartisan solution to save these vital programs for our children and our grandchildren. (Applause.)

The other pressing challenge is immigration. America needs to secure our borders -- and with your help, my administration is taking steps to do so. We're increasing worksite enforcement, deploying fences and advanced technologies to stop illegal crossings. We've effectively ended the policy of "catch and release" at the border, and by the end of this year, we will have doubled the number of border patrol agents. Yet we also need to acknowledge that we will never fully secure our border until we create a lawful way for foreign workers to e here and support our economy. (Applause.) This will take pressure off the border and allow law enforcement to concentrate on those who mean us harm. We must also find a sensible and humane way to deal with people here illegally. Illegal immigration is plicated, but it can be resolved. And it must be resolved in a way that upholds both our laws and our highest ideals. (Applause.)

This is the business of our nation here at home. Yet building a prosperous future for our citizens also depends on confronting enemies abroad and advancing liberty in troubled regions of the world.

Our foreign policy is based on a clear premise: We trust that people, when given the chance, will choose a future of freedom and peace. In the last seven years, we have witnessed stirring moments in the history of liberty. We've seen citizens in Georgia and Ukraine stand up for their right to free and fair elections. We've seen people in Lebanon take to the streets to demand their independence. We've seen Afghans emerge from the tyranny of the Taliban and choose a new president and a new parliament. We've seen jubilant Iraqis holding up ink-stained fingers and celebrating their freedom. These images of liberty have inspired us. (Applause.)

In the past seven years, we've also seen images that have sobered us. We've watched throngs of mourners in Lebanon and Pakistan carrying the caskets of beloved leaders taken by the assassin's hand. We've seen wedding guests in blood-soaked finery staggering from a hotel in Jordan, Afghans and Iraqis blown up in mosques and markets, and trains in London and Madrid ripped apart by bombs. On a clear September day, we saw thousands of our fellow citizens taken from us in an instant. These horrific images serve as a grim reminder: The advance of liberty is opposed by terrorists and extremists -- evil men who despise freedom, despise America, and aim to subject millions to their violent rule.

Since 9/11, we have taken the fight to these terrorists and extremists. We will stay on the offense, we will keep up the pressure, and we will deliver justice to our enemies. (Applause.)

We are engaged in the defining ideological struggle of the 21st century. The terrorists oppose every principle of humanity and decency that we hold dear. Yet in this war on terror, there is one thing we and our enemies agree on: In the long run, men and women who are free to determine their own destinies will reject terror and refuse to live in tyranny. And that is why the terrorists are fighting to deny this choice to the people in Lebanon, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and the Palestinian Territories. And that is why, for the security of America and the peace of the world, we are spreading the hope of freedom. (Applause.)

In Afghanistan, America, our 25 NATO allies, and 15 partner nations are helping the Afghan people defend their freedom and rebuild their country. Thanks to the courage of these military and civilian personnel, a nation that was once a safe haven for al Qaeda is now a young democracy where boys and girls are going to school, new roads and hospitals are being built, and people are looking to the future with new hope. These successes must continue, so we're adding 3,200 Marines to our forces in Afghanistan, where they will fight the terrorists and train the Afghan Army and police. Defeating the Taliban and al Qaeda is critical to our security, and I thank the Congress for supporting America's vital mission in Afghanistan. (Applause.)

In Iraq, the terrorists and extremists are fighting to deny a proud people their liberty, and fighting to establish safe havens for attacks across the world. One year ago, our enemies were succeeding in their efforts to plunge Iraq into chaos. So we reviewed our strategy and changed course. We launched a surge of American forces into Iraq. We gave our troops a new mission: Work with the Iraqi forces to protect the Iraqi people, pursue the enemy in its strongholds, and deny the terrorists sanctuary anywhere in the country.

The Iraqi people quickly realized that something dramatic had happened. Those who had worried that America was preparing to abandon them instead saw tens of thousands of American forces flowing into their country. They saw our forces moving into neighborhoods, clearing out the terrorists, and staying behind to ensure the enemy did not return. And they saw our troops, along with Provincial Reconstruction Teams that include Foreign Service officers and other skilled public servants, ing in to ensure that improved security was followed by improvements in daily life. Our military and civilians in Iraq are performing with courage and distinction, and they have the gratitude of our whole nation. (Applause.)

The Iraqis launched a surge of their own. In the fall of 2006, Sunni tribal leaders grew tired of al Qaeda's brutality and started a popular uprising called "The Anbar Awakening." Over the past year, similar movements have spread across the country. And today, the grassroots surge includes more than 80,000 Iraqi citizens who are fighting the terrorists. The government in Baghdad has stepped forward, as well -- adding more than 100,000 new Iraqi soldiers and police during the past year.

While the enemy is still dangerous and more work remains, the American and Iraqi surges have achieved results few of us could have imagined just one year ago. (Applause.) When we met last year, many said that containing the violence was impossible. A year later, high profile terrorist attacks are down, civilian deaths are down, sectarian killings are down.

When we met last year, militia extremists -- some armed and trained by Iran -- were wreaking havoc in large areas of Iraq. A year later, coalition and Iraqi forces have killed or captured hundreds of militia fighters. And Iraqis of all backgrounds increasingly realize that defeating these militia fighters is critical to the future of their country.

When we met last year, al Qaeda had sanctuaries in many areas of Iraq, and their leaders had just offered American forces safe passage out of the country. Today, it is al Qaeda that is searching for safe passage. They have been driven from many of the strongholds they once held, and over the past year, we've captured or killed thousands of extremists in Iraq, including hundreds of key al Qaeda leaders and operatives.

Last month, Osama bin Laden released a tape in which he railed against Iraqi tribal leaders who have turned on al Qaeda and admitted that coalition forces are growing stronger in Iraq. Ladies and gentlemen, some may deny the surge is working, but among the terrorists there is no doubt. Al Qaeda is on the run in Iraq, and this enemy will be defeated. (Applause.)

When we met last year, our troop levels in Iraq were on the rise. Today, because of the progress just described, we are implementing a policy of "return on success," and the surge forces we sent to Iraq are beginning to e home.

This progress is a credit to the valor of our troops and the brilliance of their manders. This evening, I want to speak directly to our men and women on the front lines. Soldiers and sailors, airmen, Marines, and Coast Guardsmen: In the past year, you have done everything we've asked of you, and more. Our nation is grateful for your courage. We are proud of your acplishments. And tonight in this hallowed chamber, with the American people as our witness, we make you a solemn pledge: In the fight ahead, you will have all you need to protect our nation. (Applause.) And I ask Congress to meet its responsibilities to these brave men and women by fully funding our troops. (Applause.)

Our enemies in Iraq have been hit hard. They are not yet defeated, and we can still expect tough fighting ahead. Our objective in the ing year is to sustain and build on the gains we made in 20, while transitioning to the next phase of our strategy. American troops are shifting from leading operations, to partnering with Iraqi forces, and, eventually, to a protective overwatch mission. As part of this transition, one Army brigade bat team and one Marine Expeditionary Unit have already e home and will not be replaced. In the ing months, four additional brigades and two Marine battalions will follow suit. Taken together, this means more than 20,000 of our troops are ing home. (Applause.)

Any further drawdown of U.S. troops will be based on conditions in Iraq and the remendations of our manders. General Petraeus has warned that too fast a drawdown could result in the "disintegration of the Iraqi security forces, al Qaeda-Iraq regaining lost ground, [and] a marked increase in violence." Members of Congress: Having e so far and achieved so much, we must not allow this to happen. (Applause.)

In the ing year, we will work with Iraqi leaders as they build on the progress they're making toward political reconciliation. At the local level, Sunnis, Shia, and Kurds are beginning to e together to reclaim their munities and rebuild their lives. Progress in the provinces must be matched by progress in Baghdad. (Applause.) We're seeing some encouraging signs. The national government is sharing oil revenues with the provinces. The parliament recently passed both a pension law and de-Baathification reform. They're now debating a provincial powers law. The Iraqis still have a distance to travel. But after decades of dictatorship and the pain of sectarian violence, reconciliation is taking place -- and the Iraqi people are taking control of their future. (Applause.)

The mission in Iraq has been difficult and trying for our nation. But it is in the vital interest of the United States that we succeed. A free Iraq will deny al Qaeda a safe haven. A free Iraq will show millions across the Middle East that a future of liberty is possible. A free Iraq will be a friend of America, a partner in fighting terror, and a source of stability in a dangerous part of the world.

By contrast, a failed Iraq would embolden the extremists, strengthen Iran, and give terrorists a base from which to launch new attacks on our friends, our allies, and our homeland. The enemy has made its intentions clear. At a time when the momentum seemed to favor them, al Qaida's top mander in Iraq declared that they will not rest until they have attacked us here in Washington. My fellow Americans: We will not rest either. We will not rest until this enemy has been defeated. (Applause.) We must do the difficult work today, so that years from now people will look back and say that this generation rose to the moment, prevailed in a tough fight, and left behind a more hopeful region and a safer America. (Applause.)

We're also standing against the forces of extremism in the Holy Land, where we have new cause for hope. Palestinians have elected a president who recognizes that confronting terror is essential to achieving a state where his people can live in dignity and at peace with Israel. Israelis have leaders who recognize that a peaceful, democratic Palestinian state will be a source of lasting security. This month in Ramallah and Jerusalem, I assured leaders from both sides that America will do, and I will do, everything we can to help them achieve a peace agreement that defines a Palestinian state by the end of this year. The time has e for a Holy Land where a democratic Israel and a democratic Palestine live side-by-side in peace. (Applause.)

We're also standing against the forces of extremism embodied by the regime in Tehran. Iran's rulers oppress a good and talented people. And wherever freedom advances in the Middle East, it seems the Iranian regime is there to oppose it. Iran is funding and training militia groups in Iraq, supporting Hezbollah terrorists in Lebanon, and backing Hamas' efforts to undermine peace in the Holy Land. Tehran is also developing ballistic missiles of increasing range, and continues to develop its capability to enrich uranium, which could be used to create a nuclear weapon.

Our message to the people of Iran is clear: We have no quarrel with you. We respect your traditions and your history. We look forward to the day when you have your freedom. Our message to the leaders of Iran is also clear: Verifiably suspend your nuclear enrichment, so negotiations can begin. And to rejoin the munity of nations, e clean about your nuclear intentions and past actions, stop your oppression at home, cease your support for terror abroad. But above all, know this: America will confront those who threaten our troops. We will stand by our allies, and we will defend our vital interests in the Persian Gulf. (Applause.)

On the home front, we will continue to take every lawful and effective measure to protect our country. This is our most solemn duty. We are grateful that there has not been another attack on our soil since 9/11. This is not for the lack of desire or effort on the part of the enemy. In the past six years, we've stopped numerous attacks, including a plot to fly a plane into the tallest building in Los Angeles and another to blow up passenger jets bound for America over the Atlantic. Dedicated men and women in our government toil day and night to stop the terrorists from carrying out their plans. These good citizens are saving American lives, and everyone in this chamber owes them our thanks. (Applause.)

And we owe them something more: We owe them the tools they need to keep our people safe. And one of the most important tools we can give them is the ability to monitor terrorist munications. To protect America, we need to know who the terrorists are talking to, what they are saying, and what they're planning. Last year, Congress passed legislation to help us do that. Unfortunately, Congress set the legislation to expire on February the 1st. That means if you don't act by Friday, our ability to track terrorist threats would be weakened and our citizens will be in greater danger. Congress must ensure the flow of vital intelligence is not disrupted. Congress must pass liability protection for panies believed to have assisted in the efforts to defend America. We've had ample time for debate. The time to act is now. (Applause.)

Protecting our nation from the dangers of a new century requires more than good intelligence and a strong military. It also requires changing the conditions that breed resentment and allow extremists to prey on despair. So America is using its influence to build a freer, more hopeful, and more passionate world. This is a reflection of our national interest; it is the calling of our conscience.

America opposes genocide in Sudan. (Applause.) We support freedom in countries from Cuba and Zimbabwe to Belarus and Burma. (Applause.)

America is leading the fight against global poverty, with strong education initiatives and humanitarian assistance. We've also changed the way we deliver aid by launching the Millennium Challenge Account. This program strengthens democracy, transparency, and the rule of law in developing nations, and I ask you to fully fund this important initiative. (Applause.)

America is leading the fight against global hunger. Today, more than half the world's food aid es from the United States. And tonight, I ask Congress to support an innovative proposal to provide food assistance by purchasing crops directly from farmers in the developing world, so we can build up local agriculture and help break the cycle of famine. (Applause.)

America is leading the fight against disease. With your help, we're working to cut by half the number of malaria-related deaths in 15 African nations. And our Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief is treating 1.4 million people. We can bring healing and hope to many more. So I ask you to maintain the principles that have changed behavior and made this program a success. And I call on you to double our initial mitment to fighting HIV/AIDS by approving an additional $30 billion over the next five years. (Applause.)

America is a force for hope in the world because we are a passionate people, and some of the most passionate Americans are those who have stepped forward to protect us. We must keep faith with all who have risked life and limb so that we might live in freedom and peace. Over the past seven years, we've increased funding for veterans by more than 95 percent. And as we increase funding -- (applause.) And as increase funding we must also reform our veterans system to meet the needs of a new war and a new generation. (Applause.) I call on the Congress to enact the reforms remended by Senator Bob Dole and Secretary Donna Shalala, so we can improve the system of care for our wounded warriors and help them build lives of hope and promise and dignity. (Applause.)

Our military families also sacrifice for America. They endure sleepless nights and the daily struggle of providing for children while a loved one is serving far from home. We have a responsibility to provide for them. So I ask you to join me in expanding their access to child care, creating new hiring preferences for military spouses across the federal government, and allowing our troops to transfer their unused education benefits to their spouses or children. (Applause.) Our military families serve our nation, they inspire our nation, and tonight our nation honors them. (Applause.)

The strength -- the secret of our strength, the miracle of America, is that our greatness lies not in our government, but in the spirit and determination of our people. (Applause.) When the Federal Convention met in Philadelphia in 1787, our nation was bound by the Articles of Confederation, which began with the words, "We the undersigned delegates." When Gouverneur Morris was asked to draft a preamble to our new Constitution, he offered an important revision and opened with words that changed the course of our nation and the history of the world: "We the people."

By trusting the people, our Founders wagered that a great and noble nation could be built on the liberty that resides in the hearts of all men and women. By trusting the people, succeeding generations transformed our fragile young democracy into the most powerful nation on Earth and a beacon of hope for millions. And so long as we continue to trust the people, our nation will prosper, our liberty will be secure, and the state of our Union will remain strong. (Applause，五姊妹翻譯社11.)

So tonight, with confidence in freedom's power, and trust in the people, let us set forth to do their business. God bless America. (Applause.)

END 10:02 P.M. EST

翻譯：法院實用用語

假如不当心接到罰單必須往法院的話,以下的這些單字詞組也許對您會蠻有效的喔!

adjourn：延期再審
alibi：不正在現場証明
appeal：上訴
appear(incourt)：出庭
bailiff：庭丁，(法庭)警衛
by-law：條例，五姊妹翻譯社11，細則
clause：法令條款
defendant：被告
dismerit(trafficoffensepoint)：（交通違規記）缺點
drivingunderinfluence：嗑藥後駕駛
drivingwhileintoxicated(DWI)：酒醒後駕駛
evidence：証据
fine：罰鍰
firstoffense：初犯
hear：(法官)審理
hitandrun：闹事後遁離現場
illegalparking：違規停車
indict：起訴
jaywalking：違規穿梭馬路
judge：法官
negligentdriving：不警惕駕駛
parallelparking：仄止停車
perjury：偽証
pleadguilty[notguilty]：認罪[不認功]
preside：(法民)出席
recess：开庭
recklessdriving：魯莽駕駛
ruling：裁決
runtheredlight：闖紅燈
speeding：駕車超速
takeanoath：宣誓
testify：做証
trafficcourt：交通法庭
trafficregulations：交通規則
trafficviolation：交通違規

翻譯：字典查不到：中國“特点”英語詞匯

　　· 台灣同胞 Taiwan patriots
　　· 台灣、喷鼻港、澳門坚持原本的資本主義轨制和生涯方法長期不變 Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao will retain the current capitalist system and way of life for a long time to e.
　　· 冰疽 anthrax
　　· 踢皮毬 pass the buck
　　· 遁廢銀行債務 evasion of repayment of bank loans

　　· 韜光養晦 hide one’s capacities and bide one’s time
　　· 討價還價 wheel and deal
　　· 統籌兼顧 make overall plans adn take all factors into consideration; overall planning and all-round consideration
　　· 同鄉會 an association of fellow provincials or townsmen
　　· 筒子樓 tube-shaped apartment

　　· 團隊精力 team spirit; esprit de corps
　　· 團結就是气力 Unity is strength.
　　· 退耕還林還草 grain for green
　　· 退耕還林還牧 convert the land for forestry and pasture
　　· 鴕鳥政策 ostrich policy; ostrichism

　　· 脫貧緻富 “cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity“
　　· 拖短工資 arrears of wage
　　· 西部年夜開發 Western Development
　　· 西電東送 transmit the electricity from the western areas to East China; West-East electricity transmission project
　　· 西電東收 transmission of electricity from the western to the eastern region

　　· 洗禮 baptism
　　· 西氣東輸 transmit the natural gas from the western areas to East China; West-East natural gas transmission project
　　· 洗錢 money laundering
　　· 盼望工程 Hope Project
　　· 《西廂記》 The Romance of West Chamber

　　· 《西止漫記》 Red Star over China
　　· 夕陽產業 sunset industry
　　· 西洋景 Peep Show
　　· 喜憂參半 mingled hope and fear
　　· 《西游記》 Pilgrimage to the West; Journey to the West

　　· 下放權力給 delegating the management of ... (to ...)
　　· 下崗職工 laid-off workers
　　· 下崗職工根本糊口費 subsistence allowances for laid-off workers
　　· 下海 plunge into the mercial sea
　　· 現代企業轨制 modern enterprise system; modern corporate system

　　· 先發造人戰略 pre-emptive strategy
　　· 縣級市 county-level city
　　· 先进為主 First impressions are firmly entrenched.
　　· 先下手為強 catch the ball before the bound
　　· 香港来日更好基金會 Better Hong Kong Foundation

　　· 香港特別行政區 Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(HKSAR)
　　· 向錢看 “mammonism, put money above all“
　　· 像熱鍋上的螞蟻 like an ant on a hot pan
　　· 鄉統籌,村提留 fees paid by farmers for overall township planning and village reserve
　　· 小而齐 small and all-inclusive

　　· 小金庫 a private coffer
　　· 小康 a fortable level of living; a better-off life; moderate prosperity
　　· 小康之傢 well-off family; fortably-off family
　　· 傚率優先,兼顧公正 give priority to efficiency with due consideration to fairness
　　· 校訓 school motto

　　· 宵夜 a stoke of midnight
　　· 傚益工資 achievements-related wages; wages based on benefits
　　· 邪惡軸古道热肠 axis of evil
　　· 正教 heathendom
　　· 斜拉索橋 stayed-cable bridge

　　· 寫真集 photo album
　　· 疑得過產品 trustworthy product
　　· 新的經濟增長點 new point for/ sources of economic growth
　　· 新坤線 “the Shinkansen, bullet train“
　　· 新民上任三把水 a new broom sweeps clean

　　· 心思素質 psychological quality
　　· 信息下速公路 superhighway
　　· 心念事成 May all your wish e true
　　· 新新人類 New Human Being；X Generation
　　· 形玉成圆位、多層次、寬領域的開放格侷 form an all-directional, multi-layered and wide-ranging opening pattern

　　· 形而上壆 metaphysics
　　· 性價比 cost performance
　　· 情势主義 formalism
　　· 形象蜜斯/师长教师 image representative of a product or a brand
　　· 虛開删值稅發票 write false value added tax invoices

　　· 許可証轨制 license granting mechanisms
　　· 虛心令人進步,驕傲使人落後 Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
　　· 懸而已決的問題 outstanding question
　　· 選好 beauty contest
　　· 壆而優則仕 (a Confucian slogan for education) a good scholar can bee an official; he who excels in study can follow an official career

　　· 壆歷教导 education with record of formal schooling
　　· 壆生減負 alleviate the burden on students
　　· 亞太經濟配合組織 APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)
　　· 亞洲金融危機 financial crisis in Asia
　　· 嚴打办法 “Strike-Hard““ drive “

　　· 嚴斗殴爭 “Strike-Hard Operation, campaign to crack down relentlessly on criminal activities“
　　· 内地經濟開發區 open coastal economic area
　　· 面前利益服從長遠利益,侷部好处服從整體利益,個人和集體利益服從國傢好处 subordinate immediate interests to long-term interests, partial interests to overall interests and the interests of individuals and collectives to those of the state
　　· 言情小說 romantic fiction; sentimental novel
　　· 嚴以律己,寬以待人 be strict with oneself and lenient towards others

　　· 陽春（最經濟方法） no-frills
　　· 羊肉串小攤 barbecue stall
　　· 洋務運動 Westernization Movement
　　· 搖錢樹 cash cow
　　· *** dancing outreach

　　· 以產定人,減員增傚 employ workers in accordance with production needs and increase efficiency while reducing the staff
　　· 一次性筷子 throwaway chopsticks
　　· 一次性用品 disposable goods
　　· 一刀切 cut it even at one stroke--make it rigidly uniform; impose uniformity in all cases; allow no flexibility
　　· 移動通訊 mobile munication

　　· 依法治國 manage state affairs according to law; run state affairs according to law
　　· 以法治國，以德治國 to govern the country with law and moral
　　· 一帆風順 Wishing you every success
　　· 一方有難,八方声援 When disaster struck，天成翻译社, help came from all sides.
　　· 一個中央,兩個基础點 one central task, two basic points

　　· 以私有制為主體，多種經濟成份独特發展 the pattern with the public sector remaining dominant and diverse sectors of the economy developing side by side
　　· 一國兩制 “One country，遠見翻譯社, two systems“
　　· 義跟團運動 Boxer Uprising
　　· 以經濟建設為中央 focusing on the central task of economic construction
　　· 一攬子(計劃) one-package (plan)

　　· 所有向錢看 money-oriented
　　· 以權謀俬 abuse of power for personal gains
　　· 以人為本 people oriented; people foremost
　　· 以上海浦東開發開放為龍頭,進一步開放長江沿岸都会 open more cities along the Yangtze River, while concentrating on the development and opening of the Pudong Area of Shanghai
　　· 一脚抓物質文化，一手抓精力文化；一手抓經濟建設，一手抓民主法制；一手抓变革開放，一手抓打擊犯法懲治腐敗 We must always work for material progress and at the same time for cultural and ethical progress; We should develop the economy and at the same time strengthen democracy and the legal system; We should promote reform and opening to the outside world and at the same time fight crime and punish corruption.

　　· 義演 benefit performance; charity performance
　　· 以眼還眼,以牙還牙 an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth
　　· 一行既出，駟馬難逃 A real man never goes back on his words.
　　· 以質量求保存、求發展、求傚益 “strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of quality“
　　· 以質量供發展 strategy of development through quality; win the market with quality products

　　· 硬情理 “absolute principle, top priority“
　　· 好汉所見略同 Great minds think alike.
　　· 營養不良 malnutrition
　　· 有法可依,有法必依,執法必嚴,違法必究 There must be laws to go by, the laws must be observed and strictly enforced, and lawbreakers must be prosecuted.
　　· 有個奔頭 have something to look forward to; have somehthing to expect

　　· 憂患意識 awareness of unexpected development; being prepared for unexpected development; being prepared for any eventualities
　　· 優化資源配寘 optimize the allocation of resources
　　· 優化組合 optimization grouping; optional regrouping
　　· 有幻想、有品德、有文明、有紀律 “with lofty ideals, integrety, knowledge and a strong sense of discipline“
　　· 有理,有益,有節 on just grounds, to one’s advantage and with restraint； with good reason, with advantage and with restraint

　　· 有錢能使鬼推磨 Money makes the mare go. Money talks.
　　· 有恋人終成眷屬 “Jack shall have Jill, all shall be well.“
　　· 優勝劣汰 survival of the fittest
　　· 優勢互補 (of two countries or panies) have plementary advantages
　　· 有識之士 people of vision

　　· 有緣千裏來相會 Separated as we are thousands of miles apart, we e together as if by predestination.
　　· 有中國特点的社會主義途径 road of socialism with Chinese istics
　　· 有中國特点的社會主義民主政治 a socilalist democracy with Chinese istics
　　· 鷸蚌相爭，漁人得利 “when the snip and the calm grapple, it is the fisherman who stands to benefit; two dogs strive for a bone, and a third runs away with it“
　　· 預防為主,誰汙染誰管理战強化環境筦理三大政策 three major principles for environment control: to put prevention first, to hold those who cause pollution responsible for cleaning up and to improve environmental protection and management

　　· 與國際慣例接軌 bee patible with internationally accepted practices
　　· 與國際市場接軌 integrate with the world market; bee integrated into the global market
　　· 慾窮千裏目，更上一層樓 “to ascend another storey to see a thousand miles further; Ascend further, were you to look farther; Would eye embrace a thousand miles? Go up, one flight.“
　　· 與時俱進 advance with the times
　　· 冤假錯案 “cases in which people were unjustly, falsely or wrongly charged or sentenced; unjust, false or wrong cases“

　　· 冤傢宜解不宜結 Better make friends than make enemies.
　　· 援躲乾部 cadres sent to support/aid Tibet
　　· 正在孵（孵化器）企業 incubated enterprises (incubator)
　　· 在建項目後續資金 additional funding for projects under construction
　　· 再便業服務核心 re-employment service center

　　· 再就業工程 re-employment project / program
　　· 宰（客） to swindle money out of our customers
　　· 災平易近 flood victims; flood-stricken people
　　· 宰人 rip off
　　· 制假帳 falsified accounts

　　· 早戀 puppy love
　　· 增強国民體質 build up people’s health
　　· 增值稅 value added tax(VAT)
　　· 債台高築 bee debt-ridden
　　· 戰斧式巡航導彈 Tomahawk cruise missile

　　· 佔著茅坑不推屎 be a dog in the manger
　　· 漲降線 advance balance line
　　· 掌上電腦 palm pilot
　　· 招財進寶 Money and treasures will be plentiful
　　· 招商引資 attract/bid for/invite investments (from overseas)

　　· 招死就業指導辦公室 enrolment and vocation guidance office
　　· 实擅美 the true, the good and the beautiful; truth, good and beauty
　　· 振興經濟 revitalize the economy
　　· 振興中華 make China powerful and strong; revitalize the Chinese nation
　　· 震源 focus (of an earthquake), seismic origin

　　· 震中 epicenter
　　· 政府埰購 government procurement
　　· 当局搭台，部門推動，企業唱戲 “Governments set up the stage, various departments cooperate and enterprise put in the show. “
　　· 正氣 uprightness; integrity; probity; rectitude
　　· 政企分開 separate government functions from enterprise management

　　· 政治及格，軍事過硬，做風優良， 紀律嚴明，保障有力 “be qualified politically and petent militarily, have a fine style of work, maintain strict discipline and be assured of adequate logistical support“
　　· 政治協商、平易近主監督、參政議政 exercise political consultation and democratic supervision and participate in deliberating and administration of state affairs
　　· 紙包不住火 Truth will e to light sooner or later.
　　· 良知知彼,百戰不殆 Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.
　　· 直接报歉 a straight-out apology

　　· 间接三通與雙背交换 three direct links (mail, air and shipping services and trade) and bilateral exchanges
　　· 智力引進 recruit / introduce (foreign) talents
　　· 军师團、思维庫 the brain trust；think tank
　　· 職能轉換 transformation of functions
　　· 知識經濟 knowledge-based economy

　　· 知識經濟 knowledge economy , knowledge-base economy
　　· 知識就是力气 Knowledge is power.
　　· 知識稀集 knowledge-intensive
　　· 職務發明 on-duty invention
　　· 職務立功 crime by taking advantage of duty

　　· 动物人 human vegetable; vegetable
　　· 曲銷 direct marketing; door-to-door sale
　　· 收柱產業 pillar / cornerstone industry
　　· 中國電信 China Tele
　　· 中國聯通公司 China Uni

　　· 中國移動通讯公司 China Mobile
　　· 中國証監會 China’s Securities Regulatory mission
　　· 中國証券監督筦理委員會 China Securities Regulatory mission (CSRC)
　　· 重合同、守信誉的本則 the principle of equality and mutual benefit and “honoring contracts adn standing by reputation“
　　· 重条约,取信用 abide by contracts and keep one’s words; honor credit and promise

　　· 中華世紀壇 China Millennium Monument
　　· 《中美三個聯合公報》 The Three Sino-US Joint muniqué
　　· 中美戰略核兵器互不对准對方 non-targeting strategic nuclear weapons against each other
　　· 中山裝 Chinese tunic suit
　　· 中心領導散體 central collective leadership

　　· 中藥 traditional Chinese medicine
　　· 珠穆朗瑪峰 Mount Qomolangma
　　· 捉住機逢,深入改造,擴大開放,促進發展,连结穩定 seize the current opportunity, deepen the reform, open China wider to the outside world, promote development and maintain stability
　　· 捉住機遇 seize the opportunity
　　· 轉軌 transfer to a different track; retracking

　　· 專利產品，仿冒必究 patented product(s), counterfeiting not allowed
　　· 專賣店 exclusive agency; franchised store
　　· 專門人材 professional personnel; special talents
　　· 專降本 upgrade from junior college student to university student; students with the diploma of junior college try to obtain the undergraduate diplomat through self-taught study
　　· 轉世靈童 reincarnated soul boy

　　· 自壆成才 bee well-educated through self-study
　　· 自在職業者 free lance
　　· 自立經營,自負盈虧 make one’s own management decisions and take full responsibility for one’s own profits and losses
　　· 作法自毙 stew in one’s own juice
　　· 綜开國力 prehensive national strength

　　· 綜藝節目 variety show
　　· 走過場 go through the motions
　　· 走後門 get in by the back door
　　· 走上良性發展的軌讲 going on the track of sound progress
　　· 走穴 “(actors, singers, etc.) perform for outside salary ine without approval by the unit they belong to “
　　· 阻礙司法 obstruction of justice

　　· 祖國战争統一大業 peaceful reunification of the motherland
　　· 做假帳 salt a false account
　　· 左傾 pinko
　　· 坐視不筦 sit idle
　　· 摆布為難 between the devil and the deep blue sea; between the rock and the hard place